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Types of Behaviors Essay Example for Free

Sorts of Behaviors Essay Portrayal: In this task, you will apply the standards of traditional and operant molding, just as the thoughts got from subjective clarifications of learning. You will compose a paper on one of two sorts of practices that can be promptly clarified from a learning point of view. Utilizing a Microsoft Word archive, compose a 500-to 750-word paper that clarifies the advancement of one of the accompanying practices. (Make certain to indicate the conduct you are examining in your paper.) *Fear-driven responses to creepy crawlies *Cigarette smoking *Aggression For the picked conduct, utilize the models of figuring out how to clarify how the conduct may create and be kept up, with the goal that it appears to happen naturally. Learning is the main point of view considered so don't endeavor to utilize different clarifications (i.e., the psychodynamic or organic methodology) in your answer. While setting up your paper, think about the accompanying inquiries: * How may traditional molding standards apply to the starting points of the conduct and upkeep of it? Plainly show what the unconditioned and adapted boosts are in your answer. * How may the standards of support talked about in operant molding apply to the conduct? Don’t overlook that support can be either positive or negative in nature. * How do intellectual standards apply to the conduct? Explicitly consider Albert Bandura's thoughts with respect to imitational learning. Your paper ought to be elegantly composed, unique, liberated from language and spelling mistakes, and follow APA design.  â â â â â â â â â â Behavior can be characterized as the entirety of the considerable number of activities and responses performed by a person in a given situation or circumstance in the environment.â Aggression is a conduct planned to make damage or agony others or the self.â It might be in the structure a physical activity or verbal.â The models of learning endeavor to depict the way where an individual learns a specific behavior.â Some of the models of learning through which an individual creates forceful conduct incorporate old style molding, operant molding and social learning hypothesis.  â â â â â â â â â â Classical molding was a model of learning characterized by Pavlov following his examinations on dogs.â Pavlov found that when pooches were demonstrated food their salivation expanded (Braslau-Schneck, S., 1998).â Food for this situation was an unconditioned boost that delivered an unconditioned reaction (salivation) (Braslau-Schneck, S., 1998).â He at that point over and over introduced an improvement to the mutts which was gradually connected with food, (for example, footsteps).â Slowly the canines started to relate the strides (which after steady reiteration turned into an adapted upgrade) and started to create a molded reaction (salivation). Along these lines a few different feelings, for example, dread and animosity can be molded in an individual (Braslau-Schneck, S., 1998).â In the renowned JB Watson’s explore over little Albert, Watson at first introduced an uproarious sound (unconditioned upgrade) that made the body scared and cry (unconditioned reaction) due to fear.â He at that point introduced two boosts at the same time, that is a rodent and a noisy sound.â Over a timeframe the kid started to connect the rodent with the boisterous sound.â The rodent with reiteration turned into an adapted reflex delivering an adapted reaction (indications of dread). A decent occasion of this with importance to animosity incorporates introduction of a counterfeit hand that grabs away the food while an eager pooch is eating.â The canine would display a forceful reflex, (for example, yapping which is an unconditioned reaction) to the fake hand (unconditioned stimulus).â The pooch is then introduced a high-recurrence sound (discernible just to hounds followed) by the presence of the hand.â Following reiterations, the pooch would bark (adapted reaction) after it hears the high-recurrence sound (molded upgrade), and would not hold up until it is given the unconditioned improvement.  â â â â â â â â â â According to Skinner’s operant hypothesis, the person when playing out an activity in the earth, encounters an upgrade (that empowers or disheartens such conduct) which will straightforwardly influence the presentation of such activities again in the environment.â It comprises of an activity and the results.â If encouraging feedback happens following the activity, the individual will play out the comparable activity again in nature, and will likewise expand its recurrence (Boeree, G. C., 1998).  However, in the event that the activity is trailed by an aversive upgrade or negative support, there will be diminished odds of playing out a similar conduct in the future.â A genuine case of aversive improvements is discipline, which can follow a few forceful acts.â Rigorous detainment can be articulated for a few crimes so it can go about as a negative fortification.  â â â â â â â â â â Albert Bandura found the ‘social learning hypothesis of behavior’ (Isom, M. D., 1998).â He thought about that forceful conduct is generally learned through a procedure known as ‘behavior modeling’, which can happen in various ways (particularly by watching older folks act if there should be an occurrence of kids) (Isom, M. D., 1998).â A youngster may become forceful and certain fortifications might be experienced, for example, monetary profits, rewards, acclaims from guardians, decrease in inside pressure, etc.â Parents and relatives were frequently considered as models by the kids, and acts performed by them were probably going to be imitated.â The kid will possibly play out the activity of its model if the model was fruitful or is compensated.  A traditional investigation to exhibit the social learning hypothesis is the popular Bobo doll tries in which the youngsters watched older folks assaulting a doll, and later imitated the activity of the elders.â This sort of observational learning was known as ‘modeling’.â Children who tend to show forceful conduct ought to be distinguished quickly so as to forestall forceful conduct and crime, sometime down the road (Isom, M. D., 1998). Bandura’s hypothesis was equivalent to Skinner’s hypothesis in light of the fact that observational learning (as the kid would learn just the activities that were fruitful or were being compensated) is like a positive reinforcement.â An individual is well on the way to learn criminal conduct during the youthful stage.â Children will in general follow the activities of a similar sex guardians (Bjorkqvist, K., 1997).â Studies have indicated that youngsters who will in general stare at the TV (particularly those projects that show savagery) are at a higher danger of exhibiting forceful conduct sometime down the road. References: Bjorkqvist, K. (1997). Taking in animosity from Models: from a social Learning toward a Cognitive hypothesis of Modeling. In Feshbach, S., Zagrodzka, J. (Ed), Aggression: Biological, Developmental, and Social Perspectives, New York: Plenum Press. http://www.vasa.abo.fi/svf/up/articles/Learning_Aggression_From_Models.PDF Boeree, G. C. (1998). Albert Bandura: Personality Theory. Recovered December 26, 2006, From Shippensburg University Web website: http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/bandura.html Boeree, G. C. (1998). B. F. Skinner: Personality Theory. Recovered December 26, 2006, From Shippensburg University Web website: http://www.ship.edu/%7Ecgboeree/skinner.html  Braslau-Schneck, S. (1998). An Animal Trainers Introduction to Operant and Classical Conditioning. Recovered December 26, 2006, Stacys Wag and Train  Web website: http://www.wagntrain.com/OC/ Isom, M. D. (1998).â The Social Learning Theory. Recovered December 26, 2006, FSU College of Criminology and Criminal Justice Web website: http://www.criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/bandura.htm

Some Essay Writing Topics for Telugu and English

Some Essay Writing Topics for Telugu and EnglishIn order to learn the style of Telugu essay writing, you should read a variety of articles and books that provide more knowledge about this wonderful Indian language. It is important to know the different styles of writing because some people use different words in different styles. However, there are some important things that you need to do in order to write your own Telugu essay.The most important part of learning the Telugu writing style is to know the basics and how it is written. While learning, it is important to do practice and note down all the mistakes that you make. You will be able to figure out the style on your own.Write as many original words as possible to add more meaning to your essay. This will help you write a better essay. However, it is important to pay attention to details. You should consider not only the length of the sentences but also the accent.When writing an essay, it is very important to have an idea of th e mood of the essay and try to match it with the sentence structure. While writing an essay, you should be precise about the context and when to change it to fit the style. If you change the context, it can create confusion for the reader.The other important part is to know the sentence order. Although, this is just a basic part, but it should be followed carefully. This helps you to write the essay smoothly and make the readers feel relaxed while reading the essay.The paragraph structure is also a very important part of writing. Your paragraphs should be able to support the beginning, middle and the end of the essay. You should not forget to introduce your topic first and it should not be longer than one page. There are people who wrote their own style in different essays. It is important to use their styles when writing an essay. They will be able to give you some ideas on how to write a paragraph. Aside from that, they can also give you ideas on how to modify your paragraphs.Fina lly, your ideas and styles can be found by doing research on Texas Charms. There are lots of styles that can be found here. However, the most common styles are: Sattathwaani, Jatappa Naagadu and Koitharan.

High School Education And Rural Areas - 1172 Words

Education is very popular and important issue in our country, especially in some rural areas, for example: Ningxia, Guangxi and etc. in china. Rural areas mean countryside or the located is outside city. Urban areas have located the center of the city, for example: Shanghai, Beijing and etc. if we want to good at high school education, we should more focus in rural areas. Until now, we still have lots of children are staying at rural areas. High school education in rural areas are important in china. In recent years, our country’s development is more and more good. If we want to compare children in high school in rural areas and urban areas, it still has too much difference. For example: we have 80% of children in Shanghai, they can have a good high school education. But, only 20% or less of children in rural areas they don’t know how to read words. Also, in urban areas’ family are supporting children have a high school education, because they have enough money to support their children have a good education and everything is better than rural areas’ families’ children. The second one is children in rural areas need to stay in home to help their family to do clear their farms and housework, or some family in rural areas they have more than three children, they cannot pay all of children’s cost. But, in my opinion is we necessary for children in rural areas attend a high school, because it is equal to learning between children in urban are as and rural areas. So, my suggestionShow MoreRelatedPrivate Education in Rural India: Status and Opportunity1115 Words   |  5 PagesTopic School Education - Private Participation for Educating Rural India Title of the Project Private Education in Rural India: Status and Opportunity Kripal Singh Niranjan, Private Education in Rural India: Status and Opportunity I. Introduction: World Bank statistics found that fewer than 40 percent of adolescents in Rural India attend secondary schools. The Economist reports that half of 10-year-old rural children could not read at a basic level, over 60% were unable to do divisionRead MoreEducation and the Inequalities of Place900 Words   |  4 Pages Education and the Inequalities of Place Summary: Roscigno et al (2006) talk about spatial inequalities in educational achievement and attainment in this article. Local conditions shape family and school resources. Therefore, the availability of family and school resources vary in rural areas, inner city, and suburban areas. Disparity in resources influences educational investment at the family and school levels. At the result, achievement and attainment are different in those places. MoreRead MoreRural High Schools Are Lagging Behind Science Based On Current Sage And Act Scores Essay793 Words   |  4 Pagestah rural high schools are lagging behind in science based on current SAGE and ACT scores. Sevier County high schools have a proficiency rate of 38.8 % in SAGE testing while the State is at 46% for the school year 2014-2015, according to the USEO DataGate(Utah State Office of Education) website(2015). Meanwhile, three of the schools in the San Juan district have scores that are even more abysmal (specifically: Navajo Mou ntain, Whitehorse and Monument Valley). These three high schools at/or belowRead MoreSchool Schools Vs. Public Schools901 Words   |  4 PagesEducation, the action or process of teaching someone especially in a school, college, or university. () Education is a valuable asset to the lives of many individuals all across the world indefinitely in the grades of Kindergarten to twelfth grade. The type of education varies on the location of the school whether it is an urban school, rural school, suburban school, religious school or even a private school. Educators work on daily basis to create an impact on students who they have encounters withRead MoreBureau Of Indian Affairs Recruiting And Retention925 Words   |  4 PagesThere are 31 elementary and high schools with the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) on the Navajo Reservation; within the 31 there are 15 New Mexico (NM) and 14 Arizona (AZ) schools. Most of these schools are located in rural and urban areas. Many of the schools are not staff to capacity to meet the student’s academic need. Today, the student teacher rations are not meet due to rural location of schools. Retaining teachers is difficult, because of the isolated area of schools; many of the teachers chooseRead MoreRural Areas Is Poor And Lagging Behind The Rest Of The Country Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesshow that education in rural areas is poor and lagging behind the rest of the country. A. The first common fact that can be seen is the lack of resources in rural schools. The U.S. Department of Education reported that rural teachers on the average earn less money and work longer hours than there counterparts in other geographic regions and open teacher positions are harder to fill. Less pay and harder work is what awaits the rural teacher. B. The second fact is that rural schools need fundsRead MoreEducation, Poor Health Care Services, And Lack Of Modern Technology1626 Words   |  7 PagesLack of education, poor health care services, and lack of modern technology, are all global issues that lead to today’s health care crisis in South Africa. There are many negative images of Africa and its people that are learned by reading and listening to documentaries and following the news. Everything negative from the genocide in Rwanda to child sex trafficking, extreme poverty, high mortality rates and government corruption. Taking aside the legacy of colonialism and racial and ethnic inequalitiesRead MorePros Of Rural, Suburban, And Urban Public Schools1240 Words   |  5 PagesPros and Cons of Pros of Rural, Suburban, and Urban Public Schools. I. Introduction. A. As one looks at different locations of public schools, whether it be rural, suburban, or urban, one can find many pros and cons of each. This research will focus on one specific pro and con of each school. B. Rural schools while receive less funding than other schools are able to give their students more one on one attention. C. Suburban schools experience more educational gaps among racial groups, but makeRead MoreThe Goal Of Place Based Education Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesPlace-Based education has been valuable throughout in schools and developing children education. The goal of place education is to serve as a learning organization for program developers, fueling internal growth and program development for the individual organizations. Nonetheless develop an identity, disseminate evaluation techniques, tools and approaches that can be applied elsewhere; and contribute to the research base underlying the field of place-based education and school change (peecworksRead MoreWhat Ways Does Place Influence Education?928 Words   |  4 PagesIn what ways does place influence education? What are some of the implications of this for teachers work? The quality of education in Australian primary schools is influenced by many factors, including geographical location. Place plays an integral role in ensuring students receive a fulfilled and inclusive education, but on the contrary, can also hinder the level of education students receive. Based on place, a vast number of schools in Australia have restricted access to resources, technology,

A Critique Of The Asset Pricing Theory Essay - 1825 Words

Despite this, however, some have since suggested that their model is pure economics, and is only valid in a theoretical world that doesn’t reflect some of the frictions that actual financial markets do. Richard Roll, and University and Auburn, University of Washington, and University of Chicago educated economist, began his career researching the effect of major events of stock prices. This experience likely helped him reach the two conclusions he makes in his 1977 â€Å"A Critique Of The Asset Pricing Theory’s Tests†, one of the earliest and most influential arguments against CAPM. In the paper, Roll makes two major claims: that CAPM is actually a redundant equation that just further proves the concept of mean-variance efficiency, and that it is impossible to conclusively prove CAPM. His first claim relates to mean-variance efficiency: the idea that mathematically one must be able to create a portfolio that offers the most return for a given amount of risk. Roll claims that all CAPM is doing is testing a portfolio’s mean variance efficiency, and not actually modeling out projected future returns. The second claim in the paper is that there is not enough data ab out market returns for CAPM to ever prove conclusive. Even if modern technologies could help alleviate some of the burden of testing market returns for publicly traded equities, there is still no way to account for the returns of less liquid markets, where there is less public information. This means it is impossible forShow MoreRelatedCapital Asset Pricing Model ( Capm )1552 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This essay is mainly focused on Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and how beta (measure of volatility) influences investment decisions. Nevertheless, how much we diversify our investments, it s impossible to get rid of all the risk. As investors, we deserve a rate of return that compensates us for taking on risk. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) helps to compute the investment risk and expected returns. Throughout in depth analysis of CAPM model discussed in this essay, we willRead MoreCapm the Effects of Beta2754 Words   |  12 PagesBackground and Introduction This summary provides a brief overview of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as an alternative method for estimating expected returns. This paper also discusses the positive and negative effects of CAPM along with the risks of Beta and why this model has its share of drawbacks and critics in the marketplace. The first section will cover the basics of CAPM including its flaws and rewards. Next, the risks of beta and the strengths and weaknesses are discussed in conjunctionRead MoreDo Marx s Views On Capitalism Provide Any Insights Into Economic Globalisation Today? Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesboundaries. Economic globalisation today, is a complex beast. The intricate system relies upon the interconnected expansion of cooperation between; Transnational Corporations (TNCs), Nation States, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) and more. The theory of globalism, that there is a growing collective awareness of the world as a shared social space, and the advancement of the global poli tical arena where; the politics of international social relations are used in the pursuit of power, national interestsRead MoreCapital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory3608 Words   |  14 PagesCapital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory: Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is an arithmetical theory that describes the relationship between risk and return in a balanced market. The Capital Assets Pricing Model was autonomously and simultaneously developed by William Sharpe, Jan Mossin, and John Litner. The researches of these founders were published in three different and highly respected journal articles between 1964 and 1966. Since its inception, the model has been used inRead MoreEssay on The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)1863 Words   |  8 PagesThe Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Introduction In almost every economics textbook (Ben and Robert, 2001), economists tend to argue: everything’s market price is determined by consumers’ demand and supply in the market, the intersection of which gives us the long-term concept of ‘market equilibrium’. Although it sounds straightforward, it is anything but easy in practice, especially when the assets (like common stock) you are measuring associated with risk and future uncertaintiesRead MoreThe Capital Asset Pricing Model3150 Words   |  13 Pages Introduction The Capital Asset Pricing Model (â€Å"CAPM†) was introduced by Sharpe (1964), Lintner (1965) and Mossin (1966), attempts to provide investors with an understanding in relation to the expected returns of their investment. However, this theory has been criticised by some empirical models resulted from the unrealistic assumptions. This paper will critically analyse the limitation of the CAPM and will discuss Arbitrage Pricing Theory (â€Å"APT†) and Fama-French (â€Å"FF†) Three-Factor Model (â€Å"TFM†)Read MoreProduct Life Cycle of Parle G767 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents with important Macro-Economic theories with a view to examine their relevant and efficacy with macro-economic policies. The working of the economy as a whole and a systematic understanding of the main macro-economic indicators, the factors involved in it and their interaction will also be analyzed in their course. Contents: Session No. | Content | 1. | Nature, Content amp; Special Problem of Macro-Economics | 2. | Macro-Economic Concepts amp; Theories. 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Thus, the value proposition of RA is to create value by providing customers with superior economy-centric passive investmentRead MoreThe Concept Of The Modern Portfolio Theory1887 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1952 the basic concept of the modern portfolio theory was written by Harry Markowitz, in which he explained that assets in an investment portfolio are not only to be selected on the basis of its merit but also by how it’s price changes relative to every other asset in the portfolio. Investment can be stated as a trade-off between expected return and risk, the riskier the investment the higher the return and vice versa. It allows us to make a decision to choose between the portfolio with eitherRead MoreThe Capital Asset Pricing Model1717 Words   |  7 Pages From the very time of its development, there have been many attempts to prove the validity of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. For instance, Black, Jensen and Scholes (1972) performed a test to check if securities are priced accordingly to their systematic risk. In order to test the theory that there was a positive linear relation between the expected return and beta, instead of the individual stock, they used monthly return data and portfolios. They obtained ten portfolios of monthly returns for

Two Important Factors Needs To Be Considered In Social Media

Question: The Important Factors to Consider In Social Media ? Answer: Introduction: The main purpose of this memo is to highlight the issue related to communication in organization that has been faced by the top Australian airlines Brand Qantas Airlines. This article is the biggest proof of how quality service matters for every organization. Being one of the top airline brands of the world Qantas Airlines has faced several issues in the year 2010 and 2011. From back to back engine failure to negotiation issues with the 3 unions, the time between 2010 and 2011 was very hard time for the company. This particular incident has also shown that how wrong promotions in wrong time can affect the brand image in a negative way. The service of any company is directly related the brand image. If the company fails to give proper service then the brand image cannot do anything in saving the company. Thesis statement: Every brand has to maintain good quality service and proper communication in order to retain customers and attract new ones. Preview: Being one of the top airline brand Qantas faced severe issues in the year 2010 and 2011. On August 30, 2010 a Qantas four engine Boeing 747 which was left from San Francisco had to return back to San Francisco airport after struggling for 45 minutes on the air due to engine failure. In that same year another flight returned to Singapore after take of due to engine collapse. On November 5 2010 another Boeing 747 which took off from Singapore had top return as one of the engine caught fire. All these back to back incidents shook the company completely. People were actually scared in boarding a Qantas flight. Their market share dropped rapidly in 1 month. All these factors created huge impact on the brand image of the company. Moreover there was also some internal problem that took place in the organization. In the year 2011 there were some issues between labors and the 3 company unions. The labors called for strike and the company was forced to reschedule and cancel lots of flights aro und the world. More than 68000 passengers around the world became extremely angry due to these cancellations and rescheduling of flights. As a result of which other companies like Virgin Airlines got huge advantage. Virgin Airlines understood the consequences and they started giving discounts on their tickets and they got a very positive result. After all these issues the company announced a competition on their official twitter page where they asked to share their suggestion for a luxury experience in the flight under the hash tag #Qantas Luxury. They also announced that winners will get 50 luxury pygamas. But unfortunately the response that they received was extremely negative. People started taking out their frustrations that they faced because of the flight delays and cancellation. key issues identified The first and most important issue faced by Qantas is their engine problems. An aircraft is responsible for the life of their passengers. People pay for their safety. Now if in one year there are 3 back to back engine related problems then it is quite obvious people will get afraid in travelling with the airline. So brand image is bound to get hampered. The second most important issue identified in the case is the conflict between the labors and the 3 company unions. This issue had led to several rescheduling of flights and cancelation of flights More than 60000 passengers faced huge problems due to this. Other competitors took advantage of this issue. The 3rd issue that has been identified is the timing of announcing the contest on the social network site Twitter. The time was not appropriate for such initiative. People were very angry and frustrated with the service. This competition that too in a social networking site gave the people opportunity to take out their frustrations. Future actions They should not organize any event or competition just when they have done any blunder. Any advertisement campaign can only be successful if it is done at a proper time. Timing is really important. Psychology of the customer plays a huge role in strategic marketing initiatives. When Qantas already knew that they did few blunders in the recent past for which their customers are already frustrated, they should have avoided taking such risk of organizing competition. They have to give serious attention to their service. Service and products is the lifeline for every company operating in the market. No matter whatever how much the company invests on promotion an advertisements, it will fail until they provide proper service or products to the customer. If these two aspects are not taken care off then it is quite obvious that negative word of mouth publicity will occur which will create an impact n the sales. Two important factors needs to be considered in social media As opined by Chang et al., (2015) around 75% of the people in countries like UK and Australia have accounts on social media network. So it is obvious that it is a great platform to reach to its target audience. But one has to keep in mind that unnecessary tweeting cannot help an organization to gain competitive advantage. A proper social media is required. The 2 most important things that every company should focus on social media marketing Know customers demand: Social media gives every company an opportunity to interact with their customers directly. It gives the company an opportunity to understand the exact needs of their customer. If any company sees that because of their bad service people are posting negative comments on social media platforms then they must immediately take prompt actions by apologizing to their customers in a proper way. They need to take some steps through which they can show that they care for their customers. According to Cader and Al Tenaiji, (2013), the biggest way to gain a customer is buying giving them extra value. Suppose a customer tweets about any issue that person has faced then immediately that person should get an apology and his issues has to be resolved. Proper message: As twitter is the main platform for most of the airlines company to directly express their viewpoints so they need to make sure their tweets are informative and accurate. While dealing with customer there should be warmth and compassion (Constantinides, 2013). They must implement strategies like cost leadership strategy in order to show that they give value to their budget customer as well (Keegan Rowley, 2017). Communication Plan 1.Timing Minimum 6 months 2.Audience The followers in twitter 3.Sender Social media marketing team of Qantas 4.Key Message The main message will be that though there have been mistakes from the company in the past and they are extremely sorry for the inconvenience caused. Now they have sorted out all their problems and are ready to provide an experience of a lifetime in their flights. 5.Desired Outcome The behavior will be extremely polite. They need to keep their cool and provide prompt and accurate answers to their customer. 6.Medium Twitter will be used as their communication channel. 7.Materials Lots of images of their services. Good color in their advertisements with a good tagline. 8.Frequency Qantas should be extremely active. In every 1 hour they should tweet. Summary It has been observed in this report that how a brand can lose it value because of their services and promoting wrong things at wrong time. Qantas which is Australias top airline company had almost lost everything in year 2010 and 11 due to their wrong publicity stunts on twitter. Though the company has struggled a lot they have made sure that such mistakes wont be repeated further. It is also to be noted that in the year 2011 they cancelled their 90th anniversary celebration due to their issues. So ups and downs happen in business, one should learn the way to overcome it. Reference List Cader, Y. Al Tenaiji, A.A., 2013. Social media marketing.International Journal of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation,2(6), pp.546-560. Chang, Y.T., Yu, H. Lu, H.P., (2015). Persuasive messages, popularity cohesion, and message diffusion in social media marketing.Journal of Business Research,68(4), pp.777-782. Constantinides, E., (2013). Social Media Marketing: Challenges and Opportunities.Consumer Information Systems and Relationship Management: Design, Implementation, and Use: Design, Implementation, and Use,51. Keegan, B.J. Rowley, J., (2017). Evaluation and decision-making in social media marketing.Management Decision,55(1). Pfeffer, J., Zorbach, T. Carley, K.M., (2014). Understanding online firestorms: Negative word-of-mouth dynamics in social media networks.Journal of Marketing Communications,20(1-2), pp.117-128. Vinerean, S., Cetina, I., Dumitrescu, L. Tichindelean, M., (2013). The effects of social media marketing on online consumer behavior.International Journal of Business and Management,8(14), p.66.

John Kenneth Galbraith`S New Industrial State Essays - Monopoly

John Kenneth Galbraith`S New Industrial State John Kenneth Galbraith in The New Industrial State argued that U.S. anti- trust legislation is a result of outdated arguments about the need to preserve ?free enterprise? and the competitive market. Galbraith stated, that large corporations in modern economies may need to limit competition in order to achieve efficiency and compete with foreign imports in the new global economy. I agree with this statement. When a corporation becomes big and starts to grow and expand they will soon gain control of their market. Once a company has gained control of their market, within their nation, they can focus their attention on competing in the global market for their product. More effort can now be directed towards, achieving efficiency, and the improvement of their particular product. And since their only competition is foreign competition they can spend less money on advertising and other cost consuming practices of competition. A monopoly is a market situation in which there is only one seller of a particular good or service. When companies exercise monopoly power they act as if they were monopolies. Government regulation of big business/monopoly power arose because of the following accusations: monopolies raise prices, monopolies reduce output and living standards, monopolies are inefficient and wasteful, monopolies are intensive to consumer demand, monopolies engage in unfair competition, monopolies help bring on recessions and they threaten our political system. The current antitrust laws were written without respect to the foreign market. When these laws were created the foreign market was not as big as it is today, nor was the US's involvement in it. The US's economy was just starting to develop and to boom. The antitrust laws were needed to nurture and to boost the growing economy. Now that our economy is flourishing, and no longer needs to be nurtured, these laws are hindering further growth. They need to be reviewed, and revised in order to better suit our current economy. The purposes of these laws are no longer true. Monopolies can no longer raise prices with regards only to the ease with which buyers can find substitutes products. They still have to worry about the foreign products being sold for less. Therefore, prices will not be higher, output and living standards will not be affected, they will not become inefficient and wasteful, they will not be intensive to consumer demand and they will not help to bring on recessions. The series of antitrust laws that were enacted because of accusations against monopoly power are, the Interstate Commerce Act (1887), the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), the Clayton Antitrust and Federal Trade Commission Acts (1914), the Robinson-Patman Act (1936), and the Celler-Kefauver Antimerger Act (1950). One law that I would drop, had I the power, would be the Celler-Kefauver Antimerger Act, which prohibited mergers that would result in the creation of a monopoly. The reason that I would drop this law is because, as I stated previously, I do not believe that monopolies will have negative effects on our economy today. I would also drop the Interstate Commerce Act, which restricted monopoly power of railroads by creating the nation's first regulatory agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), whose duties are now being performed by other federal agencies. This law, I would drop, because competition for such an expensive product can cause the losing business or businesses to lose a massive amount of money and may help bring a recession. I would revise the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust and Federal Trade Commissions Acts which, declared that every contract, combination?or conspiracy in restraint of trade is illegal.?, provided penalties for companies that violated these laws by attempting to limit competition, described specific practices as a ?restraint of trade?, exempted labor unions from the provisions of the antitrust laws, and created a regulatory agency, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), to enact the antitrust laws. Restraint of trade, I would allow to remain illegal, but I would not describe monopoly power, or attempting to limit competition as a restraint of trade. I would allow the FTC to remain in action, but only to prevent unfair trade practices, which does not include limiting competition, and false or misleading advertising. The ideas of John Kenneth Galbraith

Differences Between Hills and Mountains

Differences Between Hills and Mountains Hills and mountains are both natural land formations that rise out of the landscape. Unfortunately, there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill. This can make it difficult to differentiate between the two. Mountain Versus Hill There are characteristics that we typically associate with mountains; for example, most mountains have steep slopes and a well-defined summit while hills tend to be rounded. This, however, is not always the case. Some mountain ranges, such as the Pocono Mountains in Pennsylvania, are geologically old and are therefore smaller and more rounded than more classic mountains such the Rocky Mountains in the western United States. Even leaders in geography, like the United States Geological Survey (USGS), do not have an exact definition of a mountain and a hill. Instead, the organizations Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) uses broad categories for most land features, including mountains, hills, lakes, and rivers. Though no one can agree on the heights of mountains and hills, there are a few generally accepted characteristics that define each. An Attempt to Define the Height of a Mountain According to the USGS, up until the 1920s the British Ordnance Survey defined a mountain as a geographic feature rising higher than 1000 feet (304 meters). The United States followed suit and defined a mountain as having a local relief higher than 1000 feet. This definition, however, was dropped in the late 1970s. There was even a movie about the battle over mountain and hill. In  The Englishman That Went Up a Hill and Down a Mountain  (1995, starring Hugh Grant), a Welsh village challenged cartographers attempts to classify their mountain as a hill by adding a pile of rocks to the top. What is a Hill? In general, we think of hills as having a lower elevation than a mountain and  a more rounded/mound shape than a distinct peak. Some accepted characteristics of a hill are: A natural mound of earth created either by faulting or erosion.A bump in the landscape, rising gradually from its surroundings.Low altitude and elevation, often less than 984-1968 feet (300-600 meters).A rounded top with no well-defined summit.Often unnamed.Easy to climb. Hills may have once been mountains that were worn down by erosion over many thousands of years. Contrariwise many mountains- such as the Himalayas in Asia- were created by tectonic faults and would have, at one time, been what we might now consider hills. What is a Mountain? Though  a mountain is typically taller than a hill, there is no official height designation. An abrupt difference in local topography is often described as a mountain, and such features will often have  mount  or mountain  in their name; examples include Mount Hood, Mount Ranier, and Mount Washington. Some accepted characteristics of a mountain are: A natural mound of earth created by faulting.A very steep rise in the landscape that is often abrupt in comparison to its surroundings.High altitude and elevation, often higher than 1968 feet (600 meters).A steep slope and a defined summit or peak.Often has a name.Depending on the slopes and elevation, mountains can be a challenge to climb. Of course, there are exceptions to these assumptions and some features that would otherwise be called mountains have the word hills in their name. For instance, the Black Hills in South Dakota can also be thought of as a small, isolated mountain range. The highest peak is Harney Peak at 7242 feet of elevation and 2922 feet of prominence from the surrounding landscape. The Black Hills received their name from the Lakota Indians who called the mountains  Paha Sapa, or black hills.

Definition of Petitioner in Immigration Law

Definition of Petitioner in Immigration Law In U.S. immigration law, a petitioner is someone who submits a request on behalf of a foreign national to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services  (USCIS), which, upon approval, allows the foreign national to submit an official visa application. The petitioner must be either an immediate relative (a U.S. citizen or legal permanent resident) or a prospective employer. The foreign national on behalf of whom the initial request is submitted is known as the beneficiary. For example, a man, a U.S. citizen, has submitted a petition to USCIS to allow his German wife to come to the United States to live permanently. In the application, the husband is listed as the petitioner and his wife is listed as the beneficiary. Key Takeaways: Immigration Petitioner A petitioner is someone who submits a request on behalf of a foreign national who wishes to immigrate to the United States. The foreign national is known as the beneficiary. Petitions for foreign relatives are made using Form I-130, and petitions for foreign workers are made using Form I-140. Because of green card quotas, petition processing can take anywhere from several months to several years. Petition Forms In U.S. immigration law, there are two forms used by USCIS for petitioners to submit on behalf of foreign nationals. If the petitioner is a relative of the foreign national, Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative needs to be completed. This form asks for information used to establish the relationship between the petitioner and the beneficiary, including information about the petitioners parents, spouse(s), place of birth, current address, employment history, and more. If the petitioner is submitting a petition on behalf of a spouse, Form I-130A, Supplemental Information for Spouse Beneficiary must be filled out. If the petitioner is a prospective employer of the foreign national, they should complete Form I-140, Immigrant Petition for Alien Workers. This form asks for information about the beneficiarys skills, last arrival in the United States, place of birth, current address, and more. It also asks for information about the petitioners business and the beneficiarys proposed employment. Once one of these forms has been completed, the petitioner should mail it to the appropriate address (there are separate filing instructions for Form I-130 and Form I-140). To complete this process, the petitioner must also submit a filing fee (as of 2018, the fee is $535 for Form I-130 and $700 for Form I-140). Approval Process Once a petitioner has submitted a request, the document is a reviewed by a USCIS official known as an adjudicator. Forms are reviewed on a first-come, first served basis and can take anywhere from several months to several years to process. Because of U.S. quotas on the number of green cards that can be granted each year, Form I-130 processing times vary based on the relationship between the petitioner and the beneficiary. Some immediate relatives, for example- including spouses, parents, and children under 21- are given preference over siblings and adult children. Processing times for the latter can last as long as 10 years. Once a petition is approved, the qualifying foreign national may apply for permanent residency status by submitting Form I-485. This document asks for information about the place of birth, current address, recent immigration history, criminal history, and more. Immigrants who are already in the United States may apply for adjustment of status, while those outside the United States may apply for a green card through the U.S. embassy. If a foreign national is applying for an employment-based visa, they must complete the labor certification process, which is done through the Department of Labor. Once this is complete, the foreign national may apply for a visa. Additional Information About 50,000 visas are available each year through the Green Card Lottery. The lottery has certain entry requirements; for example, applicants must live in a qualifying country, and they must have at least a high school education or two years of work experience. Once a foreign national has been approved and becomes a lawful permanent resident, they have certain rights. These include the right to live and work anywhere in the United States and the guarantee of equal protection under United States law. Lawful permanent residents also have certain responsibilities, including the requirement to report their income to the IRS. Male lawful permanent residents between the ages of 18 and 25 must also register for the Selective Service.

Personal and Professional Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Personal and Professional Development - Essay Example HSBC was recognized in the Asia-Pacific region as the institution that provides finance to the increasing trade between China and Europe. The HSBC group was first opened in Hong Kong and then in Shanghai. HSBC group’s UK banking has been developing and improving from 1836. Acquisition of Midland Bank in Europe in 1992 has brought lot of pride, honour and reputation to the bank and this made the HSBC group grow as one among the leading banks in the world. Imperial Bank of Persia, which was also known as Bank of the Middle East was acquired by the HSBC group in 1959 along with its 26 branches. This entry of HSBC group into the Middle East provided the group to enter into the wider, and quickly varying financial markets in the world (hsbc.co.uk). HSBC group has well established markets in the South America as well as the emerging markets in the South and Central America. The HSBC group is categorized into four business groups. These include Commercial banking, Global banking and markets, retail banking and wealth management (hsbc.co.uk). The HSBC group provides HSBC Premier bank account for everyday banking accounts and services. The group aims at providing exclusive service in banking. Relationship manager helps the customers and gives tailor-made advices in wealth management, money management, preferential rates and terms, and globally linked-up online banking (hsbc.co.uk). Other facilities offered include internet banking, telephone banking, branch banking, and mobile. Through internet banking, a customer can have access to his/her account 24 hours a day (hsbc.co.uk). HSBC group provides wide range of products for accounts having personal banking. It provides insurances of home, travel, car, premier car, life, critical illness & income cover, and student insurance (hsbc.co.uk). Special feature of planning is rendered regarding health & family, home & lifestyle, work & retirement, and planning tools. HSBC also obliges its customers through online customer support centre that clears their doubts. Security centre assists HSBC’s customers to have a secured transaction while operating online. It helps by providing security downloads, and secure key (hsbc.co.uk). Task 1: a. Examine the benefit of self-managed learning to individuals and organizations and evaluate the various approaches involved. Self-managed or self-directed learning involves encouraging individuals to take responsibility for their own learning needs, either to improve performance in their present job or to satisfy their career aspirations (Armstrong, p. 560). According to Armstrong, self-managed learning has the process of recording achievement and action planning where the individuals can review what they have learnt, their achievement and their goals and action plan to achieve their goals and new learning which is to be acquired by them. The principle behind self-managed learning is that people learn, understand and retain the things they find out and helpful i n improving their skills (Armstrong, p. 560). HSBC group must provide chances for its workers to learn new things so that they can acquire new skills for effective job performance. Self-managed learning helps the people working in an organization to find various methods of learning things which are from the society or at the workplace. Learners are to be provided with proper guidance, proper material and information and help they make use of it to a maximum extent. Personal development plans must be

What is the relation between the divided line and the allegory of the Essay

What is the relation between the divided line and the allegory of the cave from Books 6 and 7 of the Republic Do you find this to be an accurate representation of the process of learning - Essay Example According to Plato, the bottom two; imagination and belief, can be perceived as simple opinions and are different from one person to another (Baird 500-520). The two are found in the physical world and are discoverable through senses that can be mistaken making the truth that is associated with these two vary form one person to another. The next two, which are understanding and reason, are in existence to seek truths in the meta-physical world making them collectively true. The type of truth associated with understanding included that of mathematics, maxims along with definitions, and even though they are artificial, they are questioned. The best way to achieve truth of knowledge is through reason which actively questions issues in the environment. In Plato’s view, reasoning brings understanding of the forms and forms possess the ultimate truth. Plato implies that goodness and love are products of reason but this love is not identical to the kind of love that is perceived in the present day. Love as explained by Plato is the desire for something that is not possessed, and this motivates people to get what they do not have. The allegory of the cave explains the route one must take in order to achieve this knowledge and how individuals are bound in the cave of imagination where the shadows that are on the walls are the truths. The people who create the shadows are those in positions of power who have the belief that they are conversant with the truth and attempt to utilise it in corrupting the masses into giving them more power. Fire stands for an imperfect good while love represents a self-good that is supposed to bring more power to them. An individual inside the cave should be able to see further than the shadows and turn in the direction of the fire while identifying that the objects seen in the hands of the puppeteer may seem true but are not actually true. When a person leaves the cave, he will be blinded by the

An Introduction to the CYC Knowledge Base Essay -- CYC Project Technol

An Introduction to the CYC Knowledge Base I. Abstract This paper is intended to be an introductory tutorial on the Very Large Knowledge Base (VLKB) called CYC. Described herein is the reasoning for the origination of the CYC project, the intended usefulness of the project (application areas), how CYC is being constructed, and a brief introduction to the supporting tools that have been developed to interact with the CYC knowledge base. II. Introduction Many Knowledge Bases (KB) have been developed to help people solve problems in very specific applications. These are relatively simple to build since the knowledge required by the specific system needs to be only those facts required to solve the problem in that particular application. An example of this type of KB would be one that contains only the information needed to diagnose particular fungal and bacterial infections. The KB would need to know about the different attributes of the microscopic organisms and their affects on the host but would not need to know that the grass is green or that the earth revolves around the sun. The CYC common sense Knowledge Base takes the opposite approach. CYC is being created to hold information that most people would consider to be common sense knowledge. The idea is to create a KB that would supply the basic knowledge needed to be applicable to many different applications. By building a KB with this general knowledge, it is hoped that the KB will be able to learn (create new inferences) by itself and be able to tell when it does not have enough information in a particular domain to resolve a problem. The CYC project was started by Doug Lenat at MCC (Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation, now Cycorp, Inc.) in Aust... ...nology", Cycorp, Inc, http://www.cyc.com Ginsberg, Matthew L., Essentials of Artificial Intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann, 1993. ISBN 1-55860-221-6 Lenat, D.B., Guha, R.V., "Ideas for Applying CYC", Cycorp, Inc, http://www.cyc.com/tech-reports/act-cyc-407-91/act-cyc-407-91.html Mayfield, James; Finin, Tim; Narayanaswamy, Rajkumar; Shah, Chetan; MacCartney, William; Goolsbey, Keith, "The Cycic Friends Network: getting Cyc agents to reason together", University Of Maryland - Baltimore County, http://www.cs.umbc.edu/~cikm/iia/submitted/viewing/mayfield Pratt, Vaughan, "CYC Report", Stanford University, April 16, 1994, http://www.cs.umbc.edu/~narayan/proj/cyc-critic.html Rajkumar & Shah, "A Study to assess the usefulness of CYC in a mediated architecture", University Of Maryland - Baltimore County, CYC KQML Project, http://www.cs.umbc.edu/~narayan/proj/doc.html

Bahrain Bay Case Study

1- The 4 main philosophy ideas that Bahrain Bay? s tries to communicate consist in: 1. Communicate a wide range of messages to the broadest range of audiences, such is the example of taking a risky marketing move to go to Cannes and advertise themselves there to a wide range of people. 2. Address challenges as they present themselves in the competitive market place, because they are starting a business in a place where the economy is booming, so it’s a very lucrative place but risky as well. 3.Ensure that all marketing messages conform to the highest possible standards: because they are looking for clients who are willing to pay what they ask for. In other words, they are looking out for clients who are not afraid to afford the costs of acquiring a new space in their terrains. 4. Support the brand name of Bahrain Bay as a vision of the business future: for example helping their surroundings to blossom in terms of economic success. 2- In my opinion Bahrain? s Bay mission is to achieve a sustainable business, moreover to gain high profits from it to a very exclusive market.Because getting one of those places is not for everyone. They manage to penetrate a very exclusive clientele which are able to afford the wanted price and they have done it in such a successful way that there is still demand on this sort of landpieces. They have also shown interest in helping their surroundings. Maybe as a marketing strategy so that the place doesn’t look dangerous nor looks that it is taking advantage of the land without taking in consideration its original population.Therefore they have decided to make a very important image move in helping the locals to get a better life by sponsoring the football team for example. 3- During the MIPIM they were able to get the attention of several investors and developers. They were able to share and embrace the same vision of the project with these investors and developers which were about 26,000 people in a new coming and div ersifying economy that will adapt to the 21st century lifestyle. – Due to its starting blossom economicaly speaking, Bahrain it’s a very juicy place for oversea inverstors. It has a lot of potential which has not fully been achieved. Right now this place is in a postion very desired for people wanting to invest lots of money expecting highly rewards from it. 5- Bahrain Bay is not the only project taking place in the region. Nowadays there are other major financial and commercial centers. Never the less we can not put aside the great importance of Bahrain Bay to the place. There are also other projects such as: B.Investment Wharf , Financial Harbor, B. City Center†¦ which including B. Bay represent a high percentage of the countries growth. 6- Part of their new marketing program, consists in sponsoring the local Football team. This helps the local areas to start a new rise in an economical level and in a social level. Making the local economy increase might make th e place more interesting for the tourists and further investors. They are also achieving with the newly founded foundations fighting poverty and helping the locals in a positive way.

Racism At The University Of Memphis - 885 Words

Racism at the University of Memphis College Universities such as the University of Memphis proud itself for its diversity and inclusiveness. Everyone from the teaching staff to the janitors is equally treated right. There is no racism or discrimination here at the University of Memphis. This belief that the U of M does not have racism/ discrimination and everyone is equal is an inaccurate statement believed by those who do not experience it. Actually racism and discrimination is very present at the university. I have experienced racism and discrimination at the University of Memphis first hand on multiple occasions. I attended a black Greek step show Friday, April 1 2016 in front of the fountain. The campus police surrounded the entire event. Usually after step shows the music will continue the play and the crowd joins in dancing. The campus police instantly shut the event down. Why it is when a white organization has any kind of event on campus, such as a Frisbee tournament or fundraiser there is no campus police breathing down their neck? The black events have to be secured. The university must suspect black events to be rowdy and need police security while white events are safe and can continue peacefully. One time I was pulled over by campus police after grocery shopping. The bags were all over the car even in the back window. The first thing the officer said when I rolled my window down was â€Å"Do I smell weed?† I don’t even take part in things of that nature. There wa sShow MoreRelatedIda Wells-Barnett And Southern Horrors1420 Words   |  6 Pagesher plantation slave parents were declared free when the Emancipation Proclamation took effect on January 1st, 1863. Although all slaves in the South were freed, all blacks were met with prejudice in every way possible. 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